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Some of the other other benefits of coffee seem to be independent of its caffeine content, too. In that latter study, however, the relationship was with coffee intake, not dose of caffeine. And similar results were seen in a study of over 2000 Finnish men. It may, for instance, be associated with reduced risk of dementia.ĭepression risk may be lower with increased caffeine intake too, according to a large cohort study of over 50,000 American women from the Nurses’ Health Study. In favour of caffeine are a number of studies suggesting that it has some interesting health benefits. Whether this effect is really important to bone health has been contested. And possibly only in people who already have a low calcium intake. Similarly, reports of increased kidney stones seem to be limited to those who already have a higher-than-normal risk.Ĭaffeine does increase calcium losses, but this occurs at significant levels only when intake is more than two to four cups of coffee a day. Overall, caffeine tends to increase urine production, and raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels, but only for a short while.Ĭhronic caffeine use does not seem to lead to chronic hypertension generally, although some individuals may be at higher risk. This may be another reason for the different effects of caffeine experienced by different people. Some of these have opposing effects on the nervous system, blood pressure and molecules found in the blood. While the mechanism of caffeine’s effect is complex, we do know that it is metabolised in the liver to a variety of active substances. A lighter coffee roast is higher in caffeine. This helps explain why one person can’t function without four cups a day, while another may steer clear of everything except decaf, citing unwanted side effects. A lighter coffee roast is higher in caffeine and adding milk or sugar to a caffeine drink slows its emptying from the stomach so that it’s absorbed more slowly.Ībsorption and metabolism rates differ between individuals. The dose can also be affected by how you consume it. This amounts to five or six cups of strong coffee. Most studies of “high” doses use 300 to 500mg, or around five milligram per kilo body weight. Studies of caffeine in sport performance use doses of around 200 to 250mg. And a decaffeinated coffee, a hot chocolate or chocolate milk or a square of dark chocolate may have about five milligrams. In comparison, a can of normal cola or a cup of hot or iced tea may have around 30 to 50mg. Dose me upĪn average dose – a standard coffee or a small can of Red Bull or V – has between 80 and 100 milligrams of caffeine. It’s fast, too, peaking in the bloodstream within about an hour of consumption and wearing off about four hours after an average dose in most people. Perhaps the wearying effects of modern life have made us even more dependent on the lift we get from our morning espresso?Īlso, unlike other available stimulants, it’s cheap, easy to obtain, and flavoursome. This measurably improves performance in sport and in situations where alertness may be reduced by fatigue. One possible answer is that we just can’t get enough of its stimulant effect, which is mostly caused by adenosine inhibition. So why would anyone want to risk experimenting with 137TX?
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All this is news to nobody.Īnd now scientists at the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research have announced that coffee contains a substance associated with deadly accumulation of visceral fat. Just one cup of coffee at dinner time has a measurable effect on time to get to sleep and frequency of waking in the night. it reduces sleep quality so profoundly that it has been used to simulate insomnia in experimental tests of sedative drugs.it increases calcium losses from our bones and may be a risk factor for low-impact fractures at high intakes.it increases levels of cortisol, the stress hormone, and increases the reaction to stress.it impairs fertility and promotes reflux.Wait, you may be saying, why haven’t I heard of this common drug? Well, you probably know it as caffeine, most commonly delivered in the form of coffee.īut why do we love caffeine so much? The list of its adverse effects should really put us off: Most adults seem to feel a need to use it daily, and we hear people saying that they can’t function until they’ve had their “fix”. Let’s call it 137TX until we can come up with something catchier. The most popular addictive drug available in Australia right now is 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine.